Milwaukee Montessori School

Social Interaction in Montessori Classrooms

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February 21, 2024

The Benefits of a Mixed-Age Classroom


At Milwaukee Montessori School, children learn in multi-age classrooms. As they work and learn together, children build a classroom community. Here they develop independence while learning to navigate the ups and downs of living in community with one another.


Rather than sitting in straight rows grouped only with children their own age, students at Milwaukee Montessori School learn to work with peers of varying ages and abilities in an environment that not only allows for social interaction throughout the day but recognizes the value of those interactions in the child’s overall growth and development. As a result, children show up to a community every day where they know one another for their strengths and make friends by virtue of who they work with. Many children work together, and when they do so, they will have disagreements and learn how to work through those conflicts.


From the youngest age, children in the academic programs at Milwaukee Montessori School have the freedom to work with and learn from classmates of varying ages and skill levels. The multi-age classroom provides valuable opportunities for children to develop social skills, including empathy, respect, and a sense of community.

“We can see clearly what is necessary to give in order to help the child. It is to give the possibility of independence, of living together and carrying out social experiences.”

Dr. Maria Montessori

The Advantage of Mixed Age Classrooms


By observing the work of their older classmates, younger children see what comes next, making them aspirational. As a teacher, I routinely had three-year-olds ask me when they could work with the beautiful Montessori bead chains. I would tell them, first, let’s put the cylinders in size order, match the color tablets, and scrub a table following the many steps needed to complete the task. After you can recognize numbers, we will match the numeric symbol to its quantity and learn about place value. Then, you will be ready to work with the bead chains to learn skip counting and multiplication. A child must learn to order the things in her environment and develop work stamina before tackling more advanced tasks. The children understand this and eagerly work toward their academic goals.


“There is a great sense of community within the Montessori classroom, where children of differing ages work together in an atmosphere of cooperation rather than competitiveness. There is respect for the environment and for the individuals within it, which comes through experience of freedom within the community.” - Maria Montessori


In Children’s House, children ages 3-6 work side by side, with the older children often assisting with lessons and modeling appropriate classroom behavior. Acting this way is not an undue burden on five and six-year-old children but rather something they have learned to do from their experience within this environment. I often reminded my older students of the kindness shown them when they were younger and that now it was their turn to do the same. The older children take great pride in checking the work of their younger classmates or guiding them as they learn the rhythm and routine of the classroom.


The older students regularly show great patience as they allow younger students to sit with them and observe their work. It is also not uncommon to see older students working together on projects that require days of concentrated effort to complete followed by intense negotiation and eventual agreement about who takes the epic research report home.


The cooperation and sense of community are fostered by the teachers but grown and strengthened by the students themselves. I still enjoy spending time in Children’s House classrooms and seeing the community that can flourish when students have the freedom to work with classmates of multiple backgrounds and ages, often developing lasting friendships.

By Monica Van Aken April 4, 2025
According to their most recent test scores, every MMS 8th grader will graduate as an advanced reader, well above grade level some at the High School level, others at a college level and yes, a handful are reading as graduate students. This statistic is, to put it mildly, absurdly excellent. But nationally, a different trend is emerging, one of a discouraging decline in reading scores. According to the latest National Assessment of Educational Progress (NEAP), only 30% of 8th graders in the United States read at or above a proficient level. In Wisconsin where scores are continuing to slip, only 31% of 4th and 8th graders are able to meet proficiency standards in reading. So why are middle schoolers across the country struggling with comprehension on standardized tests? A growing body of research points to an overlooked culprit: multisyllabic decoding . Many students can read simple words, but they stumble when faced with complex academic vocabulary. In other words, students can read “photograph” but struggle when confronted with the pronunciation of “photosynthesis.” If decoding skills aren’t automatic, comprehension suffers and it’s a bottleneck that is halting growth for 70% of American students by middle school. But not at MMS.  The prevailing thought in most schools is that once students are taught to read, they can read to learn, but we know at MMS that this is fundamentally untrue. In our Children’s House, our 3-6 year old students learn fundamental decoding skills. In Lower Elementary, our students in grades 1-3 learn the Dolch Sight Words: these are the thousand most commonly used words in the English language. We continue to build and reinforce sophisticated decoding skills by asking students to read non-fiction books and complete book reports about them. We also ask parents to read aloud with their children every single night to develop reading fluency and listen as their children decode the ever-more complex words in their non-fiction books. Finally, students in Lower Elementary use a program called Lexia that focuses on decoding skills that will apply through middle school texts. In 4th grade, when many American students seem to hit a wall in their reading progress, MMS students are decoding more complex words using Reading Plus and IXL. These are both reading tools that measure reading speed, decoding capacity, and comprehension. In addition, our students in 4th, 5th, and 6th grade read 27 novels a year, far surpassing the average of public schools that relegate reading to textbooks and short passages. MMS Junior High students read a whopping 53 books per year in both 7th and 8th grade, and our reading list is formidable. Titles include Antigone , Macbeth , The Great Gatsby , and Animal Farm . Large portions of these works are read aloud in class, introducing students to difficult new vocabulary while explaining its pronunciation and meaning. This is the perfect instructional strategy for improving multisyllabic decoding. They continue to work through the entire Reading Plus program until they test out at the 12th-grade level. The result? While the national trend shows students stalling out, MMS students are accelerating. According to the latest NAEP assessments, only 4% of American students read at the advanced level. In contrast, 100% of MMS 8th graders scored in the advanced range on this year’s winter assessments. That’s no accident. We’re using a time-tested program that builds and sharpens the key skills essential for long-term success. Monica Van Aken, Ed.D
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Last year, when we ordered Jonathon Haidt’s then-new book, The Anxious Generation, we knew it would be a seminal book based on its topic, and it also confirmed that our instincts about technology use among children have been spot on. Haidt proposes four norms that can help restore children to a healthy childhood despite the creep of technology into every area of their lives. At MMS, we had already adopted those norms by 2008, when we became among the very first paperless elementary and middle schools in the nation, earning us recognition as one of six “Schools of the Future,” by the National Association of Independent Schools. Through foresight and implementing these norms over the last fifteen years, we have been able to hold back the tide of problems other schools have had to address. While we are a high-tech school, it should be clear that our version of tech training doesn’t include ‘passive screen time.’ At Milwaukee Montessori, technology is not a distraction, but a sophisticated tool for intellectual development, creativity, and academic excellence.
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